Contoh Explanation Text, Lengkap dengan Struktur Teksnya

JAKARTA, iNews.id - Contoh explanation text merupakan salah satu jenis teks yang bisa dipelajari siswa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis dalam Bahasa Inggris. 

Explanation text atau teks eksplanasi merupakan sebuah jenis teks yang ditulis dengan tujuan untuk menjelaskan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan sesuatu. Pada teks ini penulis menguraikan peristiwa yang terjadi dari pengembangan dari pertanyaan "Why" dan "How'. 

Struktur Explanation Text

Menurut buku Trik Cerdas Bank Soal Bahasa SMA, karya Tim Solusi Cerdas, explanation text tersusun dari beberapa struktur, yakni sebagai berikut: 

1. General Statement

General statement pada explanation text biasanya memuat tentang penjelasan umum suatu fenomena yang akan dibahas. Baik berupa pengenalan fenomena tersebut atau penjelasannya.

2. Sequenced of Explanation

Sequenced of explanation pada sebuah explanation text berisikan tentang penjelasan proses mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi ataupun tercipta.

3. Closing

Bagian terakhir pada explanation text adalah closing. Bagian ini berisikan langkah yang dijelaskan oleh penulis pada bagian sequenced of explanation.

Contoh Explanation Text

Mengutip buku Bongkar Soal UNBK SMA/MA IPA 2020 oleh Eli Trisnowati, M.Pd. & Smart Teachers Team (2019:91), berikut ini contoh explanation text yang bisa dipelajari dan dipahami. 

1. Title: Tsunami

Tsunamis occur when a mayor fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. 

The ocean wave spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of earth's crust that slopes, or rises, from ocean floor up the land.

Tsunamis wash ashore with often disastrous effect such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning, and damage to property.

A tsunami is very large sea wave that is generated by disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast-traveling wave grows very large.

2. How Earthquakes Happen

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatera. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do yo know how an earthquake happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It makes the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing againts each other, they stick a little. 

They don't just slide smoothly. The rocks are still pushing againts each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicanter of the earthquake.

Itulah ulasan mengenai contoh explanation text. Semoga bermanfaat!